Real estate exam prep: The ultimate guide to acing your state’s real estate exam

If you’re considering getting your real estate license — congratulations! You’re only steps away from an exciting and rewarding new career that offers endless opportunities for growth and success. Our ultimate real estate exam prep guide will walk you through the steps to prepare for your state’s real estate license exam.

With our tips and techniques for studying and our strategies for exam taking (plus common mistakes to avoid), you’ll be on your way to acing your state’s exam, getting licensed, and representing clients.

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  • Lecture outlines, multiple-choice and true-or-false questions
  • Individiual add-ons such as digital flashcards, real estate terms audio, and a real estate math course Real estate exam prep facts Real estate exam cheat sheet 

    Format: Typically multiple-choice, with 75-150 questions. 

    Time Allotted: 2-3.5 hours. 

    Sections: National and state sections, both scored individually. 

    Passing Rates: Most states require a minimum overall score of 70%, but each state varies.

    Exam Retakes: Exams or exam sections can be retaken, states vary on the required time in between retakes or the fee to retake an exam.

    First, let’s review the structure of most state real estate licensing exams. Real estate exams are typically in multiple-choice format. The number of questions and the time allotted to sit the exam vary by state. Real estate exams are typically divided into two sections: national real estate principles and practices, and state real estate laws. 

    Both sections are scored individually, and in most states, you’ll need to achieve a passing grade in both sections to pass the exam. Passing grades are also determined by each state. Luckily, if you happen to stumble on one section, you can often retake one portion of the exam. Stay confident and stay focused, and you’ll be on your way to mastering the real estate exam.

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    Before you study: real estate exam prep tips

    Before you sit down to study for the real estate exam, do as the experts do to set yourself up for success. With our research-based tips, you’ll be on the path to mastering the exam.

  • Create a study schedule

    Decades of research from the American Psychology Association shows that students who create study plans and space out their study sessions come out with higher test scores. [1] Designate specific blocks of time each day to focus solely on studying for the exam. Consistency is key, so make sure to stick to your schedule. Instead of long chunks of time, opt for 30-minute sessions over a longer period of time.

  • Gather quality study materials

    Invest in reliable study materials that fit your learning style such as online courses, digital flashcards, videos, and practice exams. Use a critical eye to find exam pass rates on real estate schools’ websites to find assurance that their exam prep materials help students succeed on the real estate exam.

  • Find practice exams

    The Learning Strategies Center at Cornell University confirms that mimicking exam conditions helps immensely in retrieving the information at exam time.[2] Practice makes perfect, so take advantage of real estate practice exams to assess your strengths and weaknesses and identify areas to review.

  • While you study: get the most out of your real estate exam prep time

    Now that you’re set for success, let’s explore some study hacks to maximize your study time. 

  • Vary your learning resources

    Don’t stick to just one study tool, keep your brain sharp by varying the ways you’re taking in information. Take advantage of exam prep tools like flashcards, videos, summaries, and practice questions. Harvard Health also suggests to quiz yourself often while you study, and ask yourself why and how concepts connect to process the meaning of all you’re studying.[3]

  • Form study groups

    Collaborating with others who are also prepping for the real estate exam can be highly beneficial. You’ll be exposed to repetition of concepts through another person’s lens, which will help you synthesize your own learning. Plus, you can tackle challenging topics together, share resources, and quiz each other.

  • Teach others

    The success of teaching others as a means of better understanding material yourself has been proven so many times over it has a name – the protégé effect. Studies show you’ll learn with a deeper understanding if you think you’ll have to reteach it later.[4] Plus, teaching others will reveal gaps in your understanding you can catch before exam time.

    Check out our Free real estate practice exam + 7 study hacks to ace the real estate exam. We share our top study hacks and strategies for success.

  • Common mistakes to avoid during the real estate exam

    Many people make avoidable mistakes that can lead to failing the exam. Here are some common mistakes to avoid as you prepare for and take the real estate exam.

  • Not reading the questions carefully

    Rushing through questions or assuming you know what the question is asking can lead to answering incorrectly. Be sure to read each question carefully and ask yourself if you fully understand what is being asked before answering.

  • Guessing without eliminating options

    Another mistake people make on the real estate exam is guessing without eliminating options. If you are unsure of the answer, try to eliminate the options that you know are incorrect. This will help increase your chances of guessing correctly and can prevent you from getting tripped up by trick questions.

  • Forgetting to review your answers

    Taking the time to review your answers can help catch any mistakes or oversights you may have made. You can also flag questions you weren’t entirely sure about and return to them later so you can capitalize on your confidence when you see questions you know the answers to.

  • Strategies for answering different types of questions on the real estate exam

    By understanding the unique demands of each question type, you can confidently tackle any type of question that comes your way.

  • Multiple-choice questions

    Pay attention to keywords and the stem of the question, and use logic and reasoning – apply your knowledge and critical thinking skills to arrive at the most accurate answer. Watch out for options that include words like “always,” “never,” or “every,” as they tend to be incorrect.

  • True or false questions

    Start by looking for qualifiers and exceptions, since words like “usually,” “sometimes,” or “most” can change the validity of the statement. Next, be cautious with double negatives and take your time to decipher the intended meaning. Finally, it’s common to make assumptions, but it’s important to base your answer solely on the information provided in the statement.

  • Scenario-based questions

    Start by scoping out the key details; highlight important facts, figures, and relationships that are relevant to the question. Next, put yourself in the shoes of the parties involved and evaluate the situation from different angles. Lastly, try to avoid overthinking or overcomplicating, and trust your gut.

  • Helpful links Frequently asked questions
  • What is the format of the real estate exam?

    Real estate exams are usually administered on a computer at designated testing centers. Some states may offer both computer-based and paper-based options, but the computer-based format is more common. They typically consist of multiple-choice questions and have two portions: a national portion and a state-specific portion.

  • How hard is the real estate exam?

    The passing score for the real estate exam varies by state, but most look for an overall score of 70%. Real estate exams can be challenging, but doable with good preparation. You can find your state’s real estate regulatory board website by finding it through the Association of Real Estate Law Officials website.

  • What happens if I fail one part of the exam?

    If you fail one part of the exam (either the national or state-specific section), you often have the opportunity to retake only the section you failed. Check your state’s policies, as retake rules vary in each state, and you may need to pay an additional fee or wait a specific amount of time before retaking the exam.

  • How many questions are on the real estate exam?

    While each state’s real estate exam varies, the exam typically consists of multiple-choice questions that can vary between 70 and 150 questions. The allotted time to complete the exam can typically be between 2 and 3.5 hours. Some exams may also include scenario-based questions or case studies.

  • How do I pass the real estate exam?

    To prepare for the real estate exam, you can create a study plan, use study materials such as textbooks, flashcards, and practice exams, consider enrolling in a real estate exam prep course, and join study groups for collaborative learning.

  • Are there requirements to take the real estate exam?

    Yes! Eligibility requirements vary by state. Generally, you must be at least 18 years old and a U.S. citizen or permanent resident. In most states, you must complete a set number of hours of prelicensing education at an approved school, provide valid identification, and pay an exam fee before being eligible to take the exam. You may also have to submit to a background check to get licensed. Check with your state’s real estate commission for exact requirements or find your state on our Real Estate Education landing page.

  • What happens after passing the real estate exam?

    After passing the real estate exam, you can apply for your real estate license with your state’s regulatory authority. You’ll often be mailed your real estate license (and a pocket card). Once you have your license, you can start working as a real estate professional, such as a real estate agent or broker. You’ll need to find a brokerage to sponsor you or to work under.

  • The full picture

    The real estate exam is a significant milestone on your journey to becoming a successful real estate agent or broker. By following our guide, you can unlock the secrets to mastering the real estate exam.

    Remember to stay focused, maintain a positive mindset, and trust in your preparation. With dedication and perseverance, we have no doubt you’ll ace the real estate exam and embark on a fulfilling career in real estate.

    We’re here to help you launch your career with helpful tips, tools, strategies and product recommendations from experienced real estate industry professionals.

    Article sources:

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    Swiftonomics, Kamala Harris and Decadent Real Estate: Your Questions, Answered.

    This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email transcripts@nytimes.com with any questions. general position is a Luddite refusal to engage with AI-generated art.

    lydia polgreen

    Until it fools you.

    ross douthat

    Exactly. Right now, one of my three co-hosts is actually an AI-generated —

    michelle cottle

    Shh.

    ross douthat

    — version. But I don’t know which.

    carlos lozada

    I knew it!

    ross douthat

    I don’t know which one.

    lydia polgreen

    Nobody knows which one! I think that’s the plot of “Blade Runner.” [MUSIC PLAYING]

    ross douthat

    From New York Times Opinion, I’m Ross Douthat.

    michelle cottle

    I’m Michelle Cottle.

    lydia polgreen

    I’m Lydia Polgreen.

    carlos lozada

    I’m Carlos Lozada. And this is “Matter of Opinion.”

    [MUSIC PLAYING]

    ross douthat

    So it’s a very special time of the year. It’s the holiday season for those who celebrate — Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, Festivus, Saint Nicholas —

    carlos lozada

    For the rest of us.

    ross douthat

    Festivus for the rest of us. And it’s also the last of our episodes for the year of our Lord, 2023. And in the spirit of the season, since we love our listeners, we asked you to send us what you want to hear us talk about for this episode, from episode ideas to quick Hot Cold reactions, to things that all of you put forward. And so we’re responding. So we’re going to start out in the first segment with quick reactions. And I think we’re starting with a voicemail. So let’s hear it.

    archived recording (joe)

    I’m Joe. I’m 22. I’m from Minnesota. And I actually went to one of Ross’s talks when I was a student in college. I was actually in a monk class.

    michelle cottle

    Oh.

    archived recording (joe)

    So I was on a vow of silence. So I’m wondering if you guys are hot and cold on asceticism. And I’m just wondering if you guys meditate or exercise or how you self-care. All right, thanks.

    michelle cottle

    Huh, wow.

    ross douthat

    Oh, wow. My apologies —

    carlos lozada

    I wonder if he was meditating during your class, during your lecture.

    ross douthat

    Clearly, he abandoned the monastery.

    michelle cottle

    Way to go, Ross. You drove him out of the church, nice.

    ross douthat

    So another failure. So who has a take on asceticism, hot or cold?

    carlos lozada

    I can jump in on asceticism, weirdly. Joe from Minnesota says that he was on a vow of silence when he was in your class, which is why he couldn’t complain. And I —

    ross douthat

    It was on speaking engagement, not a class, Carlos.

    lydia polgreen

    Wow. Wow.

    carlos lozada

    So asceticism, asceticism is a sort of intense self-discipline and self-denial relating to sex and food and other indulgences, right? Is that a fair description? Often religiously based.

    But, you know, speaking of the vow of silence, I actually, in the late ‘90s, I was a wee lad. I did a silent retreat at the Abbey of Gethsemani in Kentucky, which is where Thomas Merton, the famous Trappist monk, spent so much time. He called it “the four walls of my new freedom,” which was just a wonderful description. That’s in “The Seven Story Mountain.” I sort of cheated during the silent retreat because I would go into the library a lot and listen to the tapes of Merton’s sermons.

    michelle cottle

    Huh.

    carlos lozada

    So it was silent in terms of my speech, but not —

    michelle cottle

    Oh, yeah, I thought that was OK.

    carlos lozada

    — in terms of my — yeah.

    michelle cottle

    I just thought you couldn’t talk.

    ross douthat

    Well, it’s like you can hear preaching on a silent retreat. I think that’s —

    carlos lozada

    Yeah, but so I think I’m hot on asceticism, as weird as that sounds. I’m so hot on asceticism, but in the kind of Merton way, I think, and I don’t think he thought of it in terms of restricting your body from pleasure, but giving over your will to try to live life in imitation of Christ, which is how he saw it. So it’s a lot more to it than just giving up chocolate for Lent.

    michelle cottle

    I mean, I like it theoretically, but I don’t have the time or brain space. That’s just like, this is —

    carlos lozada

    That’s the whole point, to give yourself the [INAUDIBLE]!

    michelle cottle

    But yeah, well, who’s going to pick up the pieces of my life while that happens? That’s my question.

    carlos lozada

    The Lord.

    michelle cottle

    Oh, right.

    ross douthat

    Our kids, some of our kids’ school does some sort of semi-secular meditation. And my son, who is a big fan of all forms of warfare, he’s seven years old.

    michelle cottle

    Oh.

    ross douthat

    At one point, one of his grandparents heard about this and said, well, what do you think about when you’re meditating? And he looked at her, and he said, weapons.

    michelle cottle

    [LAUGHS]: Boom, drop the mic.

    ross douthat

    So all right. Let’s do another one. Let’s hear it.

    archived recording (olivia)

    Hi there. My name is Olivia. I’m a college student in Baltimore. I would love to hear your take on Taylor Swift and her economic impact, her social impact. Tell me what you guys think. Love your show.

    lydia polgreen

    Oh, OK. So I am a fan. I’m into Taylor. Love Tay Tay. “Folklore” got me through the pandemic. Like, she’s made some fantastic music. She’s “Time’s” Person of the Year. She’s on the cover. And I’m here to call it. Enough. Maybe Taylor could take a break, you know? Like —

    michelle cottle

    Oh, wow, no.

    lydia polgreen

    This is just like old-fashioned Milton Friedman supply and demand economics, but I feel like I worry that we’re teetering into oversupply of Taylor. And maybe she could tighten up supply and increase demand.

    michelle cottle

    No, see, I’m completely in disagreement with this. I am —

    carlos lozada

    If you don’t increase demand, you increase the price when you tighten up supply.

    ross douthat

    Carlos, are you perhaps a professional economist? Are you a trained economist?

    lydia polgreen

    Might you have you worked for the Fed at some point?

    michelle cottle

    Yes, talk to us about Swiftonomics, Carlos.

    carlos lozada

    No, no, no, no, no, no, I have nothing to say on Swiftonomics. And I’m with Lydia.

    ross douthat

    OK, Michelle has — we need the pro-Taylor take.

    michelle cottle

    No, I’m totally pro-Swiftonomics. People have broken down not just kind of what her tour contributed to her pockets, which I’m all about. Girl power, you rake in that money, baby. She has created a product that people are dying for, and that’s great. But it also has been estimated that she contributed like 5.7 billion to the US economy when you factor in travel and hotels and food and merch and outfits and all these screaming Swifties. I’m fine with this. I don’t see any problem with it. It’s not like she’s selling drugs.

    ross douthat

    So onward. This one is a reader email from Matt, and he is asking about the Las Vegas sphere, the huge venue slash — it’s not a dome. I mean, it’s a sphere, right, rising above the Strip. And he asks, “Is it a gaudy eyesore operated by a malignant businessman that is wasting insane amounts of energy and money? Or is it a testimony to humanity’s ingenuity, a brilliant act of anti-decadence?” I think Matt might be —

    michelle cottle

    I don’t understand that —

    lydia polgreen

    Why do we have to choose?

    ross douthat

    — pushing my decadence up.

    michelle cottle

    Can’t it be both, Matt?

    carlos lozada

    I don’t know anything about the Las Vegas sphere, but I will say there is a lot of room between a gaudy eyesore and a brilliant act of anti-decadence.

    ross douthat

    But is there?

    carlos lozada

    But there’s a lot of space in between there.

    ross douthat

    Is there?

    michelle cottle

    It’s a tribute to man’s enduring love of spectacle. It’s our Roman Colosseum. Hmm.

    carlos lozada

    Maybe it’s a brilliant act of gaudy eyesore.

    michelle cottle

    When it turns into an eyeball, it is so freaky.

    lydia polgreen

    Has anybody been to it? Have you seen it in person or just experienced it virtually?

    michelle cottle

    No, I’ve not been to — I know lots of people are going to the U2 concert.

    ross douthat

    I’m in Vegas every weekend, so obviously.

    lydia polgreen

    I assumed so.

    michelle cottle

    Ross has a little gambling problem.

    lydia polgreen

    Ross is a roulette man.

    ross douthat

    Ocean’s 11 was actually about me. The Julia Roberts character was based on my work. No, I’m honestly torn. I mean, I think in general, under my definition of decadence, Las Vegas is inherently decadent, that no matter how awesome you make Vegas, this sort of simulation of great human landmarks dedicated to casino gambling, it can’t escape decadence. But I will concede that if something in Vegas were to escape, it would be something as brazen and balls out absurd as the sphere.

    michelle cottle

    It’s at least not pretending to be something else. It’s not a —

    ross douthat

    No, that’s true.

    michelle cottle

    — fake pyramid or —

    ross douthat

    It’s not a fake pyramid.

    michelle cottle

    — a fake eye. It is a really weird sphere.

    ross douthat

    You’re tipping me towards anti-decadence, yeah. All right, let’s move on to our next, which is, I guess, a surprise from our producers —

    michelle cottle

    Oh, dear.

    ross douthat

    — that we’re just going to play.

    michelle cottle

    Now I’m afraid.

    carlos lozada

    That terrifies me.

    archived recording (sophia)

    Hi, it’s your producer, Sophia.

    And I have a Hot Cold for you based on something I have become quite cold on this year, which are self-checkouts. I’m often not going to self-checkouts anymore and preferring the human contact at a grocery store. But I think about this in the larger span of this year, where there’s been so much talk about the doom of technology and AI. And so I’m wondering what piece of technology you are now cold on, going into 2024.

    ross douthat

    Well, that was the best question we’ve had so far. I can’t even answer it. It was such a good —

    michelle cottle

    You’re not getting a raise, Ross. You’re not getting a raise.

    ross douthat

    Such a good question. Who’s got this one?

    michelle cottle

    Carlos, you hate all technology. What do you got?

    carlos lozada

    Well, it’s funny because you’re right. I do hate all technology, but I kind of love the self-checkout.

    ross douthat

    That’s because you hate people even more!

    carlos lozada

    Even more!

    lydia polgreen

    Wow.

    michelle cottle

    In the hierarchy of phobias —

    lydia polgreen

    The worst technology is the human.

    carlos lozada

    I kind of love the self-checkout. I don’t know how meaningful the human interaction is that I attain in the checkout line. So I am not anti-self-checkout. I am lukewarm on the self-checkout.

    ross douthat

    Has anyone turned on a piece of tech?

    lydia polgreen

    I mean, I’ve done a real 180 on social media.

    ross douthat

    You love it now.

    lydia polgreen

    I love it now. No. Like, I recently left Twitter, and I think maybe for the last time, although I’m against definitive declarations —

    ross douthat

    You’re cold on — yeah.

    lydia polgreen

    I think this was the year that it really turned for me. And I was like, you know what? Peace out. I’m no longer doing this. And I’m on some of the other platforms, but in a much more desultory way. But I’m actually grateful for that. I’m glad that it doesn’t give that dopamine hit in quite the same way.

    michelle cottle

    Taking back your brain.

    ross douthat

    My terrible realization is that actually Elon Musk’s algorithm works on me. The For You tab, where he just sort of delivers curated tweets to me about collapsing fertility and “Lord of the Rings,” actually keeps me scrolling and more. I hate myself for it. But it’s the reality. All right, let’s do let’s do one more, one more voicemail.

    archived recording (pete)

    Hi, everyone. This is Pete from Minneapolis, Minnesota. I’m calling to see if you are hot or cold on making statements. It seems that whenever there’s a major event, most recently with Israel and Palestine, individuals and organizations are compelled to come out with a statement.

    And I think there’s more than just moral showboating here. I think there’s something deep in our psyches as Americans, as members of a democracy, that makes us think our individual voice can turn the mammoth carrier ship of history and affect social change, and that in the face of injustice, somehow, we’re not powerless to make a difference. That’s pretty fascinating and something I would love to hear you all talk about. Thanks for the show. And I look forward to hearing more. Bye.

    carlos lozada

    Mammoth carrier ship of history.

    lydia polgreen

    I love all these Minnesotans. This is great. It warms my heart. I feel like they’re all showing up.

    michelle cottle

    Your people are showing up, Lydia.

    lydia polgreen

    My people are showing up, yeah.

    ross douthat

    So here’s the thing. That was such a good question that I think we need to go more than just quick Hot Cold on it. So I’m going to use that as a moment to say thank you to Joe, Olivia, Matt, and Pete, and especially our producer, Sophia, for your Hot and Cold suggestions. And we’ll take a quick break and be right back to talk about statements. Stay with us.

    [MUSIC PLAYING]

    And we’re back. And we’ll try and answer some of your questions, both broad and even personal. But let’s start with the last listener voicemail from before the break, which asked us about making statements, the pattern of every major American institution, from Ivy League schools down to your local progressive daycare, issuing a statement after any event of national import. What do you guys think about this?

    michelle cottle

    Ugh. I’m serious. Obviously, they can do this. I’m sure some of them feel compelled to do this, but you’re just asking for a world of hurt. Do I really need to know if the guy who sells me my bagel, what side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict he’s on? Do I really need to know, going bigger, if the people who make my car, what their political positions are or how they come down on these? No. No, I don’t. I just think that that is going to land them often in the middle of a giant poop storm, and they’re just asking for more trouble than it’s worth.

    carlos lozada

    Well, I think what has happened to a lot of institutions is that there was this period basically from, you could say, the election of Donald Trump onward when there was a set of political issues where the sort of center left and the further left liberals and progressives were very united. And so all of these institutions that were themselves mostly left of center felt really comfortable having a kind of corporate institutional opinion on what was happening in the world.

    And what we’ve seen lately with Israel and Palestine is that as soon as you get an issue that divides a lot of centrist liberals from a lot of progressives, these institutions have a big problem, because everyone is mad at them for either making a statement or not making a statement or being too pro-Israel or too pro-Palestinian. And it seems like the answer is just to beat a strategic retreat from this pattern of statement making. But once you’ve established the pattern, if you try and beat a retreat, it looks like you are copping out and showing bias or favoritism or what have you.

    lydia polgreen

    I mean, I generally think that stay in your lane, you know. And of course, we are all paid to write our opinions. So it’s easy for us to be like stay in your lane because this is our lane. We write our opinions. We make statements.

    ross douthat

    Wait.

    lydia polgreen

    You know?

    ross douthat

    Wait, you guys are paid?

    michelle cottle

    And boy, we take a beating for it, though.

    lydia polgreen

    But it’s interesting. You know, like, I was running a small podcast company with a mostly progressive staff during the George Floyd protests and all of that kind of stuff, and it wasn’t so much a need to make public statements because our parent company, Spotify, did most of that. And the public statements were quite sort of anodyne and doing things like turning the album covers black, things that were just gestures rather than actual action.

    But the way that I responded to it was to actually just write letters to the staff about what I was thinking and feeling. And it’s funny. I’ve actually never thought about this. But I think that writing those letters to the staff was actually part of what convinced me that I wanted to be an opinion columnist.

    [laughs]

    Because I enjoyed doing them, you know? And they were personal, and they were like — it wasn’t, I feel your pain. It was like, here’s how I’m thinking about these issues, you know?

    So these weren’t public statements. But it was just sort of me talking to a very amped up and emotionally upset staff about a range of issues. And that to me felt like a normal and natural thing to do in a small institution. But these big institutions with their big public statements, no thank you.

    carlos lozada

    What I will say about these statements is, setting aside editorial boards, for whom this obviously does not apply, institutional voices are usually less interesting than individual ones. And especially statements that are issued in the middle of very contentious political debates have a sameness to them that is kind of deadening.

    It’s the same reason that I really don’t like open letters, open letters that have been written by sort of very prominent and talented writers almost always are the worst thing they will ever write. The least interesting kind of writing that will ever be produced is that appears in an open letter. So the kind of drab sameness of the statements and the very unpersuasive low quality of the writing makes me in the anti-statement camp. I’d much rather hear individual pieces or individual expressions or individual statements than any of these institutional or collective ones.

    michelle cottle

    You object to the aesthetics.

    ross douthat

    I would only —

    michelle cottle

    The literary quality.

    ross douthat

    I would only qualify that analysis by saying that there is a kind of perverse pleasure to be taken in reading the statements put out where it’s clear the school has no idea what to say. And they’re trying to use that kind of anodyne —

    michelle cottle

    That’s just meanness, Ross.

    ross douthat

    — predictable language not to make an anodyne point, but to make no point at all. And there is a kind of Las Vegas Sphere-like majesty that some of these statements achieve. All right —

    michelle cottle

    That was a reach.

    carlos lozada

    You’re a brilliant act of anti-decadence, yes.

    ross douthat

    No, it was a brilliant —

    michelle cottle

    That’s a reach, Ross.

    ross douthat

    — anti-decadence. All right, let’s dive into some more listener correspondence. So Todd wrote us an email to bring us down into the muck of presidential politics.

    michelle cottle

    Oh, my people! My people, Todd!

    ross douthat

    Todd asked, Vice President Kamala Harris was nowhere to be found in the episode we did where we designed imaginary presidential tickets. So why not Harris as part of anyone’s dream match-up?

    michelle cottle

    Well, Todd, when you have a politician who is even less popular than the president that everybody is worried about in many polls, even Democrats are talking smack about her. She was a mediocre candidate in 2016, such that she dropped out pretty early. She has not dazzled as VP, which, admittedly, is a hard job to dazzle in. It is worth a bucket of warm pee. It’s usually not good to staff a dream ticket with those kind of stats. So even if you think Kamala —

    carlos lozada

    But a real ticket.

    michelle cottle

    Even if you think Kamala has done a better job than she’s getting credit for, if you’re staffing a dream ticket, she’s not going to make the cut.

    carlos lozada

    I will follow up on Michelle here. And I think if none of us mentioned Kamala Harris, it’s because none of us find her worthy of being on our dream ticket. But I read her 2019 memoir, “The Truths We Hold,” and there was this one thing she did that kind of bothered me a bit and that has affected the way I view her.

    When presented with a difficult conundrum between two competing ideas, she’s like, oh, that’s just a false choice. She writes, it is a false choice to suggest that you have to be for the police or for police accountability. I’m for both. I’m not for American citizens and against immigrants or the other way around. I’m for both. She constantly brings up this idea of false choices. And of course, it sounds very sage and wise to call something a false choice, but politics is all about making difficult choices among competing priorities. And Harris seems to want to stay on both sides of difficult questions, which made me instinctively not trust her as a president or vice president.

    ross douthat

    But there’s an interesting way in which what’s downstream of what there, right? Like, I remember when Barack Obama was sort of emerging on the national stage and sort of casting himself as a new leader for a new generation. And I think in “The Audacity of Hope” and sort of things he wrote and said around that time, he did a version of that, right? He said, I’m a Democrat. But the Republicans are right about some things. And he did some of what maybe she’s trying to do. She just — she doesn’t carry it off.

    michelle cottle

    She has a problem as a candidate. Lydia, what do you think?

    lydia polgreen

    Well, I mean, I think I’m probably the most sympathetic to Kamala Harris among this group, in part because I think it’s a very difficult and tricky thing for a Black woman of her generation to find a place of equilibrium within politics.

    And she’s of a generation that came into politics via law enforcement, which is kind of a tough fit and figuring out how to make that work with the current dynamics of the progressive side of the Democratic Party that whose support she would need in order to really, really vault her forward. I think that Black women often need to be just much, much, much more careful about how they manage their emotional energy, in how they present themselves.

    So I look at Kamala, and I see a lot of things that I deeply understand of a woman of a certain age with a lot of talent, working within a culture that has certain expectations. And so I’m sympathetic. All of that being said, she still doesn’t make my dream ticket.

    ross douthat

    All right, let’s go to the next question, which is Jerry listened to our recent election day episode and wants to know, why are journalists still so interested in polls? Have you not read James Fallows’ critique — that’s my former “Atlantic” colleague and distinguished journalist and critic of the press — his critique of journalists’ fascination with polls? So what do we think? Are journalists still drunk on the polling Kool-Aid? I guess you don’t get drunk on Kool-Aid, so.

    lydia polgreen

    [LAUGHS]: It depends on how much sugar there is in it.

    michelle cottle

    I can tell Lydia has much to say about it.

    ross douthat

    Lydia.

    lydia polgreen

    Thank you. I mean, I am going to take a slightly — I mean, I have an enormous amount of respect for Jim Fallows. He’s an extraordinary journalist. And his positions on these things, I think, are sometimes flattened and and caricatured in a way that isn’t actually true. I mean, I think that as a journalist, I always want to have more, rather than less information. And the question is, what do you do with information? How do you analyze it? What weight do you put on it?

    So to me, polls are just another form of information. And the reason you started doing polls is because understanding what large numbers of people say is really useful to getting a sense of what’s going on out there in the country. And there are lots of problems with it, and particularly now, with cell phones and who actually answers their phones and all that kind of stuff, there are issues.

    But coming back to Jim Fallows, he has this line where he says that we should think of polls as climate versus weather, which I think is actually a really useful thing. Weather is like, is it going to rain tomorrow. And if your poll is like is so-and-so going to win or is so-and-so up or down, that’s actually not that useful. But if you think of it as a more kind of like, this year is going to be hotter than any year that we’ve had in human history, then that way of thinking about polling is actually more useful.

    ross douthat

    Yeah. So I’m going to take Lydia’s brilliant reference to the climate versus weather analogy as a bridge to the next question, which is from Rebecca, who emailed us because she’s interested to hear how we think about parenting in the age of climate crisis. She writes, not so much in the sense of how to talk to children, but how to be an adult handing off a world in so much trouble to younger generations. I like it best when the four of you get into ethics and questions of how to live and think about right and wrong in this very confusing time.

    Now, I have strong feelings about this idea of the climate crisis as sort of this special challenge to parenting. My general view and, one, I’m coming to this as someone who does worry less about climate change as an existential threat to humanity than some people do. So obviously, the more existential you imagine climate change to be, the more worried you will be about what it means for your kids.

    But my general view is that the human race depends on people having children and making optimistic decisions about the future and having hope for their children, even in the face of the various inevitable calamities, to which human beings are heir. And that if climate change presents a set of real and substantial problems to our civilization, at the same time, our civilization is the richest, healthiest, in many cases, not always, but pretty healthy, longest lived civilization in all of human history.

    And even if climate change threatens that, it still, in no way, creates conditions at all like the conditions in which your grandparents and great grandparents and infinitely far back great grandparents had children and made it possible for you to exist today. So I think there’s just a fundamental hopefulness that human beings should carry with them in the act of forming families and begetting children that, yes, there will be challenges. It may not be climate change. It might be just as no one anticipated, the coronavirus. It may be some —

    michelle cottle

    Alien invasion.

    ross douthat

    It may be the alien — thank you. It may be the alien invasion, but you have to assume that it is good for human life to continue, even in the face of these challenges, and that your kids will be no worse off in facing these challenges than the generations upon generations of people who had kids and flourished and struggled and suffered in much more difficult circumstances, certainly, than we in the United States are likely to face.

    michelle cottle

    That was beautiful, Ross.

    ross douthat

    All right, let’s go on to Leslie, who says, “Please, more book recommendations.”

    michelle cottle

    [GASPING]:

    carlos lozada

    Oh, god.

    lydia polgreen

    Oh, I love the readers. I love the readers.

    ross douthat

    “I read ‘The Transit of Venus’ after Lydia —”

    lydia polgreen

    Yes!

    ross douthat

    ”— recommended it this summer. What an exquisite book. I would also like to know more about Carlos reading out loud to his kids. In my experience, as they age, they sometimes become less cooperative with reading aloud. But he seems to be reading with older kids, high school aged.” Carlos.

    carlos lozada

    I’ll let you all deliver the recommendations.

    michelle cottle

    What?

    carlos lozada

    No, and then I can give the specific answer to the specific question that —

    michelle cottle

    No, I’m calling BS.

    carlos lozada

    — was aimed at me.

    michelle cottle

    I want to hear your book recommendations.

    carlos lozada

    I do that all the time.

    ross douthat

    This is just for you, Carlos.

    michelle cottle

    I don’t care.

    carlos lozada

    When people say like, what book should I read, what book do we do, like, I don’t know. I don’t know you.

    michelle cottle

    Stop overthinking it and just tell us what to do.

    ross douthat

    What are you reading? What are you reading now?

    carlos lozada

    It always bothers me. I’m reading a book I’m very enjoying. It’s called “Fire Weather” by John — Vaillant? I’m not sure how to pronounce the last name, V-A-I-L-L-A-N-T.

    michelle cottle

    Oh, yeah, it was one of The New York Times top 10 books.

    carlos lozada

    Yes, it was. Yes, it was. And it is about a extraordinary fire in Canada in 2016. What I’m enjoying — so I’m about halfway through it. I’m enjoying so far about this book is, how the fire itself is a vibrant and compelling character in the book.

    lydia polgreen

    Oh, I love that.

    carlos lozada

    It comes alive in just sort of extraordinary way. So “Fire Weather.” That’s it.

    michelle cottle

    See, I’m going to read that.

    carlos lozada

    But now about reading with my children, that is one of the great pleasures of my life. Not just my family life, but my life, period. I hope it’s a great pleasure for my wife and my children as well.

    lydia polgreen

    Who cares?

    carlos lozada

    But the thing is, I’m not that worried about the issue that Leslie raises in terms of finding books that can appeal to different ages and that they kind of age out of it, because think of the books that you’ve read and reread in your own life. You keep finding new things in them, because you’re a different reader. You’re a different person every time that you read.

    One of my favorite books growing up and still one of my favorite books is Louise Fitzhugh’s “Harriet the Spy.” When I first read “Harriet the Spy,” I was focused on Harriet at school and on her spy route because those were the most kind of interesting and accessible and relevant parts of the book to me. As I got older, I was much more interested in Harriet’s relationship with her parents, which is a fascinating part of the story.

    So when I’m reading with my kids, who I have one in high school, one in middle school, and one in elementary school, we end up reading books that can appeal to each of them in a different way. Like, you read “Animal Farm.” It’s different to a fourth grader and to a ninth grader. They can both get a lot out of it.

    ross douthat

    Do you do funny accents when you read?

    carlos lozada

    I sometimes change the voices a little bit, and they like that. They think it’s fun. But I don’t focus so much on that.

    ross douthat

    OK, because that’s one of my special pleasures as a reader.

    michelle cottle

    Ooh.

    ross douthat

    All right, let’s end on one of the shorter questions we received from listener Doug, who asked, what would this show be like if you were all drinking wine?

    michelle cottle

    Thank you, Doug, I have asked that a million times and nobody’s listening to me.

    carlos lozada

    Who’s saying we’re not?

    lydia polgreen

    I was gonna say.

    ross douthat

    You can’t see us.

    lydia polgreen

    Yeah, I’m more of a martini person than a wine person, but I think that Ross would probably agree with me more if he was drinking.

    ross douthat

    No, the truth is, I am in my —

    carlos lozada

    Lydia, that’s such a sneaky way of saying that deep down, Ross actually subscribes to your worldview.

    michelle cottle

    Ross is a closet progressive.

    carlos lozada

    Yeah.

    ross douthat

    That’s the in vino veritas view, but the other view is that, yeah, if you altered my consciousness in some sneaky way, I would have some bad opinions. I would fall asleep. That’s the sad truth.

    michelle cottle

    I would sing, and nobody wants that.

    ross douthat

    Oh, I would sing.

    michelle cottle

    Oh, we’d all sing.

    ross douthat

    There’d be a lot of singing.

    michelle cottle

    There’d be singing.

    ross douthat

    There’d be some Taylor Swift being sung.

    michelle cottle

    Carlos?

    carlos lozada

    Does it have to be? Oh, my God.

    michelle cottle

    Don’t be a baby.

    ross douthat

    (SINGING) We were both young when I first saw you. All right. Let’s leave it there. Singers’ privilege. When we come back, we’ll share what we would like to see stick around from this year into next. Hang in there.

    [MUSIC PLAYING]

    And we’re back. So since this is our final episode of the year, I thought we would just end by talking about what we want to take with us from 2023 into 2024, a thing or a feeling or an experience that will stick with you from the year that was or the year that still is, but is vanishing as we speak. Anyone?

    lydia polgreen

    Well, I am moving, as I’ve mentioned a few times on this podcast. My wife said to me the other night, I feel like our whole personality is that we’re moving because we just talk about it constantly. But the thing that has actually been really wonderful in the move is the Buy Nothing group that I belong to on Facebook. We are downsizing from a big apartment to a smaller one. And so that’s involved trying to get rid of a lot of stuff. And it turns out it’s really hard to give things away.

    But I love my Buy Nothing group. Like, I’ll post something on there. I’ll be like, hey, I have this backpack. It’s a great backpack. And the ability to give it to a person who will actually use it and appreciate it and to have that kind of human to human connection, rather than just stuffing it in a bag and leaving it at the Goodwill Depot or something, I don’t know. It’s just been really great. So I want to take that energy of giving and sharing and perhaps consuming less with me into 2024.

    ross douthat

    Well, I’ll go next. I took — well, I should say my wife and I took our family of four children 12 and under to Europe this summer. We went to London and Amsterdam and Paris, and back to London and to Stonehenge and to various manors and castles all the way up to Scotland. And it was a wonderful time. And honestly, this is a very sort of dad thing to say, but it was one of the greatest logistical triumphs of my entire life. And I intend to carry —

    michelle cottle

    Clark Griswold.

    ross douthat

    I intend to carry that satisfaction with me into whatever trips await in 2024. Michelle?

    michelle cottle

    OK, I’m going to get uncharacteristically mushy, so without getting into too much detail, this was a year when my household had multiple kind of heart-stopping health scares and crises and multiple surgeries. And at every step of the way, no matter what I needed, I discovered that my friends were going to be there, and they were going to step in, whether it was food or sitting in a waiting room or calling in the middle of the night or just letting me cry. They were going to be there for me.

    And at some point, I even told my husband, you always have these fantasies about, well, we’re going to retire, and we’re going to move to the south of France or this island or the villages or whatever. And I’m like, honey, I don’t think we can actually move away from this group of people that we have come to depend on so much and love so much. So it’s completely cheesy to say you can’t live without somebody, but my end of the year shoutout for my friends is we would not have made it through this year without you.

    lydia polgreen

    Oh, I love that.

    carlos lozada

    Wow.

    ross douthat

    Carlos, tough act to follow, but —

    michelle cottle

    You’re gonna go with “MoO” It better be “MoO.”

    ross douthat

    — see us out into 2024.

    carlos lozada

    So I changed jobs about a year ago. And changing jobs is not always easy — new colleagues, new rhythms, new expectations self-imposed. And I discovered a couple of things. One, that the job of an opinion columnist, as sexy and exciting as it sounds —

    ross douthat

    High profile.

    carlos lozada

    — can be a little isolating. It’s kind of you and your words and your thoughts. But one thing that was new to me this year, as cheesy as this sounds, was this podcast, was “Matter of Opinion.” And “Matter of Opinion” has given me a community that I did not expect to get when I came to The Times. I did not think I’d be doing audio. And working every week with the producers and the editors and the co-hosts has been a small, unexpected blessing for me. So I hope if —

    ross douthat

    You’re not crying, I’m —. No. I’m not —

    carlos lozada

    I know. I hope —

    michelle cottle

    I’m not crying.

    carlos lozada

    If all of you — and sort of as unnatural as the audio medium feels like for me, it’s been a wonderful presence. Now, I hope to carry it forward in 2024. That kind of depends on our listeners.

    michelle cottle

    The listeners.

    ross douthat

    That’s right.

    carlos lozada

    But I imagine —

    ross douthat

    Carlos’s happiness is in your hands.

    carlos lozada

    Yes, so anyway, thank you to the listeners, but really, to the team here that has given me this wonderful, new community in my new professional home.

    michelle cottle

    Group hug for Carlos.

    lydia polgreen

    Group hug for all of us.

    michelle cottle

    Group hug!

    ross douthat

    All right. That concludes our last episode of the year. Thank you to all the listeners who we heard from and all of those we didn’t have time to hear from for sharing your thoughts and spending your time with us this year. We’ve loved getting to know you and each other, even Carlos.

    Thank you for coming along with us. And the best gift that you can give us is telling anyone in your life who you think might like this show. And leave a nice review wherever you follow “Matter of Opinion,” too. We hope you have a happy holidays, a great end to your 2023, and we will see you back in this feed in January. Have a good one, everyone.

    lydia polgreen

    Happy holidays, guys.

    michelle cottle

    Happy holidays.

    carlos lozada

    Amen.

    [MUSIC PLAYING]

    ross douthat

    “Matter of Opinion” is produced by Sophia Alvarez Boyd, Phoebe Lett and Derek Arthur. It’s edited by Alison Bruzek. Our fact-check team is Kate Sinclair, Mary Marge Locker and Michelle Harris. Original music by Isaac Jones, Carole Sabouraud and Pat McCusker. Mixing by Pat McCusker. Audience strategy by Shannon Busta and Kristina Samulewski. Our executive producer, now and hopefully for all the years to come, is Annie Rose Strasser.

    [MUSIC PLAYING]


     




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