Lightning Network Traffic Analysis Raises Questions Over Fees and Privacy
No result found, try new keyword!A new research paper provides what is perhaps the most informative series of snapshots simulating Lightning Network traffic over the past year. The paper, titled “A Cryptoeconomic Traffic Analysis of ...How accurate is forensic analysis?
DNADNA segments from a sample are compared to DNA profiles collected from convicted felons, crime scene investigations and unidentified individuals. Scientists calculate the probablility that two DNA profiles are from different people.
In the lab
Analysts prepare samples for DNA testing in the Virginia Dept. of Forensic Science's Northern Virginia Lab in Manassas, Va.
Errors can occur if DNA samples are damaged or contaminated from improper handling. Limited amounts or mixtures of DNA profiles can increase misinterpretation of results.
Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory
Houston shut its police crime lab's DNA division for several years after 2002 because of problems with the education and training of examiners, misleading testimony and improper evidence storage, leading to at least three exonerations and retesting of thousands of cases.
FingerprintA crime scene print is compared to a suspect's print or to those in a database. Analysts compare factors such as ridge count, shape, thickness, creases or scars and determine matching feature "points."
In the lab
Fingerprints are analyzed in the latent prints section of the lab.
Matching and interpreting prints can be subjective and vary between examiners, whose level of training can range from formal programs to informal monitoring.
Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory
In 2009, a Houston police crime lab audit found irregularities in more than half of fingerprint examinations sampled. Officials hired consultants to review 4,300 cases and work through a 6,000 case backlog.
HandwritingProfessionals declared erroneous handwriting matches or genuine signatures in 6.5 percent and 3.4 percent of cases, respectively, in recent studies.
Handwriting from the same individual can be naturally inconsistent, so determining whether a comparison represents two different people can be unreliable.
Writing sample #1
Writing sample #2
Professionals declared erroneous handwriting matches or genuine signatures in 6.5 percent and 3.4 percent of cases, respectively, in recent studies.
PolygraphPolygraph equipment measures the variability of a person's heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate when asked a series of questions.
Body changes registeredby polygraph equipmentcan be subjective to interpret, caused byanxiety rather than guilt.
Heart rate fluctuations registered on a polygraph may indicate nervousness, not guilt.
A 2003 National Academy of Sciences panel found polygraph testing lacks sufficient scientific validity and accuracy to justify its use in screening federal employees but useful as an investigative tool. Several federal circuit and state courts deem polygraph evidence inadmissible.
Firearm evidenceBullets and shell casings are measured and examined for striation marks transferred from a gun barrel or for other impressions. Marks are compared to data collected from crime scenes or test firings.
In the lab
The firearms and toolmarks section of the lab features a firearms reference library with hundreds of reference guns, a firing area, and pattern-based comparison.
Marks or "striations" on bullets are not necessarily unique to a specific firearm, and visually matching them can be subjective.
Detroit Police Department Crime Laboratory
Detroit closed its police crime lab in 2008 after errors were found in 10 percent of 200 criminal cases, prompting several re-trials.
Hair and fiberHair sample characteristics such as color, shaft thickness and length are compared to hairs from a known source. Fibers from clothing, carpet, rope, etc., are analyzed to determine type of material and environmental exposure.
Hair and fiber cannot be identified to one source. Hair comparisons must be confirmed by mitochondrial DNA analysis.
Santa Clara County Crime Laboratory
The Santa Clara County, Calif., district attorney replaced his crime lab chief after a murder case was dropped in 2007 and a wrongful armed robbery conviction was overturned in 2003 because of errors by a laboratory fiber expert.
Pattern and impressionCharacteristics of a tire impression are compared to the actual tire suspected of leaving the track. Bite marks are compared to dental casts of a suspected individual. The method can also be used to exclude people of interest.
Visually matching impressions to sources can be subjective and varies between examiners. Skin may not accurately or consistently register bites.
Impression samplesdegrade quickly.
North Carolina State Crime Laboratory
The North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation eliminated its bloodstain pattern analysis unit in 2011 after an examiner was videotaped celebrating after reproducing a result sought by a prosecutor.
Bullet lead compositionA bullet is analyzed to determine the ratio of lead or other chemicals it contains. Information is traced to a manufacturer, point of production, distribution or sale.
Tracing a bullet back to a specific box of ammunition is unreliable based on manufacturers' variations in packaging and frequency and range of distribution.
Federal Bureau of Investigations
The FBI abandoned bullet lead analysis in 2005 after the National Academy of Sciences called its work "unreliable and potentially misleading" and claims of linking a bullet to ones found in a suspect's gun or cartridge box misleading under federal rules of evidence.
Global Electrical Testing Services Market Set for Impressive Growth, Expected to Surpass US$ 13.4 Billion Valuation by 2031 with a Robust 7.1% CAGR
The global electrical testing services market has demonstrated significant year-on-year growth, registering a notable 6.3% increase in 2021. This positive trend is anticipated to continue, with projections indicating a strong Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.1% from 2021 to 2031. By the culmination of this evaluation period, the market is poised to achieve a substantial valuation of US$ 13.4 billion.
In 2020, the electrical testing services market already commanded a considerable share, representing approximately 15% to 18% of the broader testing, inspection, and certification market. Notably, specific segments such as transformer, circuit breaker, and motor/generator testing services have emerged prominently, contributing between 50% and 55% of the overall sales in the electrical testing services market. These services play a vital role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and performance of critical electrical equipment.
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The surge in demand for green energy or renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydro is another factor supporting the market’s expansion. Electrical testing services will experience a significant increase in demand in the near future along with the rise in demand for green energy.
The market for electrical testing services is being advanced by the electrification efforts of emerging economies. Aiming to provide dependable and affordable electricity to various locations around the world, the countries’ electricity infrastructure is developing at a rapid rate. This necessitates the installation of transformers and other power transmission equipment, which will directly affect the market for electrical testing services.
With greater scope for development, MEA stands out to be the fastest growing region in the global electrical testing services market. Growing industrialization and urbanization will support the growth of electrical testing services in the global market over the forecast period. Thus, emerging regions that are still going under the installation processes provide a better scope for electrical testing services market. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), by the end of 2030, 600 million out of the total 674 million people without the access to electricity live in Sub-Saharan Africa, a majority of them in the rural areas.
Attributing to this, Africa provides immense opportunities for service providers to augment their business capabilities in the region. India stands out in terms of growth in electrification rate across the country. According to IEA, half a billion people have gained electricity since 2000. In India, the electrification rate is nearly about 82% and with ongoing government initiatives, India will achieve universal access to electricity by 2020s. This is expected to open up new horizons for the augmentation of the electrical testing market in India.
Competitive Landscape:
Companies operating in global electrical testing service market are aiming at expanding their service range for precise end use. To achieve this, they are investing increasingly in R&D activities.
Electrical testing service providers are targeting end users by providing AMC for good consumer relationships. Companies are focusing on strategic collaborations and partnerships with electrical and electronic device manufacturers to expand their service and testing network.
Schneider Electric, Siemens AG, Eaton Corporation plc, General Electric Company, ABB Inc., Power Products & Solutions, American Electrical Testing, Haugland Group LLC, Dekra, TCS Electrical Co., Phase One Electric, Intran, GEM Electrical Services, Electric Power Systems, DNV GL, Dobel Engineering Company, Inel Power, Inser Hitech Engineers Pvt. Ltd., RESA Power LLLC, Voltech Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
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Key Segments Covered:
By End Use:
By Service Type:
By Region:
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Author:
Nikhil Kaitwade (Associate Vice President at Future Market Insights, Inc.) has over a decade of experience in market research and business consulting. He has successfully delivered 1500+ client assignments, predominantly in Automotive, Chemicals, Industrial Equipment, Oil & Gas, and Service industries.
His core competency circles around developing research methodology, creating a unique analysis framework, statistical data models for pricing analysis, competition mapping, and market feasibility analysis. His expertise also extends wide and beyond analysis, advising clients on identifying growth potential in established and niche market segments, investment/divestment decisions, and market entry decision-making.
Nikhil holds an MBA degree in Marketing and IT and a Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. Nikhil has authored several publications and quoted in journals like EMS Now, EPR Magazine, and EE Times.
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